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The Garlands of Ephraim: Isaiah 28.1-6 and the Marzeah

Department of Theological Studies, 3634 Lindell Blvd., Saint Louis, Missouri, USA 63108

Comments and commentaries on Isa. 28.1-6 generally centre on the drunkenness and debauchery of Ephraim's political leaders. What has been overlooked in the dis cussion is the connection between drunkenness and the references to the garlands and flowers of Ephraim. This article argues that these references indicate that Ephraim's leaders participated in lavish banquets reminiscent of the ancient marzeah, where flowers, food, unguents and wine were essential ingredients. For Isaiah, participation in such banquets was indicative of Israel's inner decay that would ultimately result in external destruction. The reason for the destruction is rooted in the failure to bring forth the fruit of justice at the gate.

Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Vol. 21, No. 71, 73-87 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/030908929602107106


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