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The Heavenly Council and its Type-scene

Department of Christian Studies, Baekseok University, Anseo Dong 115, Cheonan Si, Choong Nam, Korea

This article proposes that the visual descriptions of the outlook, the process and the location of the members are particular characteristics of the ‘heavenly council’ in the Mesopotamian, Ugaritic and ancient Israelite texts. Generally, the heavenly council descriptions include ‘the high god at the centre of the council, surrounded by its members’. This type-scene employs common phrases, such as ‘to sit down’ and ‘to stand’, which are widely attested in the ancient Near Eastern texts. Accordingly 1 Kgs 22.19-23; Isaiah 6; Job 1 and 2; Psalm 82; Zechariah 3, and Dan. 7.9-14 are to be categorized as the major type-scenes of the heavenly council in the Hebrew Bible.

Key Words: Heavenly (Divine) Council/Assembly of the Gods • Type-scene • 1 Kgs 22.19-23 • Isaiah 6 • Job 1 and 2 • Psalm 82 • Zechariah 3 • Dan. 7.9-14

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